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Illusion - Is Seeing Really Believing?
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Illusion - Is Seeing Really Believing (1998)(Marshall Media)[Mac-PC].iso
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00254_Text_re16t.txt
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1997-02-04
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56 lines
A square and a diamond,
although identical except for
their orientation, look very
different as shapes.
As the great physicist Ernst
Mach pointed out around the
turn of the century, these two
figures are geometrically
identical and differ only in
orientation. If perceived shape
were only a function of
internal geometry, orientation
should not affect the way they
look, but obviously it does.
Further proof that it does is
given in the illustration of the
map of Europe seen earlier.
Even if we organize this pattern
appropriately when first
viewing it and see the white
region as figure, we are not
likely to recognize it unless we
realize that it has been tilted 90
degrees.
Why should orientation
affect perceived shape? Some
investigators have argued that
the explanation has something
to do with the changed
orientation of the image on the
retina, which would lead to a
change in the orientation of
the pattern projected onto the
visual cortex of the brain. One
can do a very simple
experiment to test this idea: tilt
your head by 45 degrees and
look again at the square and
diamond. The square will
probably continue to look like a
square and the diamond like a
diamond. Yet because of the
head tilt, which carries the
eyes along with it, the square
now leads to a retinal image of a
diamond and the diamond to a
retinal image of a square.
Therefore, if it were the altered
orientation of the image of an
object that causes it to look
different, the square should
now look like a diamond and
the diamond like a square.